1. Teacher can be seen as "coach", "orchestrator", "choreographer" or "shepherd".
2. Teacher can be compared to a "builder" who uses "scaffolds" to construct a building. As the building becomes sturdier, the builder (teacher) removes portions of the scaffold, leaving only what is necessary. Other metaphors for scaffold instruction are "fading supports", "titrating assistance" a "bi-directional dance" with the tutor and the tutee being "attuned" to each other.
3. In turn, students can be encouraged to become their own "coach" and their own "teacher", taking the "voice" of their teacher with them ("appropriate dialogue" of others as one's own)
4. This instructional process can be likened to a "cognitive apprenticeship"